Caracterización de lesiones de causa externa asociada a violencia en jóvenes entre 14 a 26 años en un Hospital Público de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Cali entre los años 2012 a 2014
Carlos A Ordóñez, Marisol Badiel, Manuela Escobar, Mónica A Morales García, Karyna Reyes Caicedo, Bryan Steven Urrea Trochez, María Juliana Chaves
Keywords :
Firearm, Public policy, Violence, Youth, Youth mortality
Citation Information :
Ordóñez CA, Badiel M, Escobar M, García MA, Caicedo KR, Trochez BS, Chaves MJ. Caracterización de lesiones de causa externa asociada a violencia en jóvenes entre 14 a 26 años en un Hospital Público de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Cali entre los años 2012 a 2014. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2018; 7 (1):4-9.
Introduction: Youth violence has been classified as a public health problem worldwide, due to its high incidence, high costs to health system and society in term of lost life years. Since 2012 a public policy has been implemented to decrease youth violence index, but the results have not been assessed from the perspective of health care.
Objective: To describe the characterstics of youth violence in the period 2012 to 2014, in a public hospital level I of Cali, Colombia, after the implementation of a public policy.
Materials and methods: Retrospective cohorts study. From International Trauma Register of Hospital Universitario del Valle, all consecutive patients between 14 to 26 years who entered with any external cause injury associated with violence, were included for study.
Results: From the International Trauma Register, 32% (7715/24084) cases were reported as trauma injury in patients between 14 to 26 years old, and of these, 37.33% (2880/7715) were associated with violence. During 2012, cases were more frequently reported in the age group of 14 to18 years, and in 2013 and 2014, in 19 to 22 years age group. The main trauma type was penetrating (81.2%): firearm (54.1%) and thenwhite weapon (25.2%). There was alcohol consumption on 17.9%, and 29.8% of psychoactive substances. Youth violence rate changed significantly from 55.7% in 2012 to 37.8% in 2014, (p < 0.0001), and this resulted in the decrease of global mortality rate from 7.4% to 3.3%, p = 0.0349 respectively.
Conclusion: Population between 14 to 26 years old had a significant decrease in annual incidence of trauma injuries between 2012 and 2014 (p < 0.0001) and a decrease in global mortality rate. Apparently, the observed trend could be explained by the impact generated due to the implementation of the public policy.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Informe mundial sobre la violencia y salud: sinopsis. OMS 2002. [Internet]. Consultado en: julio 25 2016. Disponible en: http://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/10665/67411/1/a77102_spa.pdf
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los jóvenes y los riesgos sanitarios: Informa de la secretaría. 64.a ASAMBLEA MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD. 2011. Consultado en: Julio 25 de 2016. Disponible en: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/ pdf_files/WHA64/A64_25-sp.pdf
Mercy J, Butchart A, Farrington D, Magdalena C. Youth violence. World report on violence and health. In: Krug EG, Dahlberg LL, Mercy JA, Zwi AB, Lozano R., editors. World report on violence and health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2002.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) [online]. (2010). [cited 2012 Oct 19] Available from www.cdc.gov/injury.
Organización Mundial de la Salud, Oficina de las Naciones Unidas Contra la Droga y el Delito. Informe sobre la situación mundial de la prevención de la violencia 2014. OMS, UNODC. 2014. [Consultado: Octubre 2016] Disponible en: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/145089/1/ WHO_NMH_NVI_14.2_spa.pdf?ua=1.
Chan LS, Kipke MD, Schneir A, Iverson E, Warf C, Limbos MA, Shekelle P. Preventing violence and related health-risking social behaviors in adolescents. Evidence report. AHRQ Publication No 04-E032-2, 2004.
Banco Mundial. Criminalidad, violencia y su impactante lastre para el desarrollo de América Latina. 2011. [Consultado: Septiembre 2016]. Disponible en: http://www.bancomundial. org/es/news/press-release/2011/04/07/crime-violencestaggering- toll-central-american-development.
Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. Forensis 2012: Datos para la vida. Grupo Centro de Referencia Nacional sobre Violencia. 2012. [Consultado: Agosto 2016]. Disponible en: http://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/document s/10180/34861/3+2+violencia+interpersonal+forensis+2012. pdf/b6a82964-a6dc-4568-b715-0dd6712d5054.
Ordóñez CA, Pino LF, Tejada JW, Badiel M, Loaiza JH, Mata LV, Aboutanos MB. Experience of two first level hospitals in the southwest region of Colombia on the implementation of the Panamerican Trauma Society International Trauma Registry. Rev Col Bras Cir 2012;39(4), 255-262.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Violencia Juvenil. Notas descriptivas. 2016.
Julio Jacobo Waiselfisz. Mapa da violência 2015. Adolescentes de 16 e 17 anos do Brasil. FLACSO Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, 2015.
Yu R, Aaltonen M, Branje S, Ristikari T, Meeus W, Salmela- Aro K, Goodwin GM, Fazel S. (2017). Depression and violence in adolescence and young adults: findings from three longitudinal cohorts. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017;56(8):652-658.
Coid J, Hu J, Kallis C, Ping Y, Zhang J, Hu Y, Bui L, Ullrich S, Bebbington P. A cross-national comparison of violence among young men in China and the UK: psychiatric and cultural explanations. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017;52(10):1267-1279.