Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care & Emergency Surgery

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VOLUME 7 , ISSUE 1 ( January-April, 2018 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

What comes First, the Spleen or the Valve? Management of Splenic Abscess complicating Infective Endocarditis: A Single-center Case Series

Amelia M Pasley, Natasha Hansraj, Jason D Pasley, Jose J Diaz, Brandon Bruns

Keywords : Infective endocarditis, Splenic abscess, Surgical timing

Citation Information : Pasley AM, Hansraj N, Pasley JD, Diaz JJ, Bruns B. What comes First, the Spleen or the Valve? Management of Splenic Abscess complicating Infective Endocarditis: A Single-center Case Series. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2018; 7 (1):77-81.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10030-1208

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-01-2017

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2018; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction: Splenic abscess is a rare and highly morbid extracardiac manifestation of infective endocarditis (IE) and has only been described in small case series in the literature. Emergency surgeons are often consulted for splenectomy; however, the optimal timing (before or after valve) of this intervention remains unclear. We hypothesized that definitive valve intervention, prior to splenectomy, would lead to superior patient outcomes. Study design: A retrospective review of patients with IE and splenic abscess from June 2011 to June 2016 was performed at a quaternary referral center in the United States. Demographics, comorbid conditions, echocardiography results, intensive care unit (ICU)/hospital length of stay, operative interventions, splenectomy and valve replacement, and complications were collected. Patients were divided based on operation performed first: spleen first (SF) or valve first (VF). The primary outcome was mortality, with secondary outcomes including in-hospital morbidity. Results: Ten patients met criteria for inclusion (8 SF, 2 VF). Median age was 45 years. About 90% were male, 60% were active intravenous drug abusers, and 100% had bacteremia (most commonly Enterococcus), with 50% of the patients having single-valve disease and 50% of the patients multivalvular disease. Total 90% had preserved cardiac function [ejection fraction (EF) > 40%]. All patients had splenic abscess diagnosed on HD 1, with 40% undergoing preoperative angioembolization. There was no difference in mortality between the groups (SF 25% vs VF 0%). There was no difference in the splenectomy portion of the operation, regardless of preoperative angioembolization. Conclusions: Representing the largest modern case series on the topic, a 25% overall 6-month mortality rate was observed; however, there was no difference in the order of operation noted in our population. Splenic abscess in conjunction with IE is a highly mortal combination; therefore, a large-scale multi-institutional approach should be utilized to delineate this population and address the order of operation as well as the role of splenic angioembolization in this subset of patients.


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